Who is a “native,” who is an “immigrant,” and who is a “refugee”? Refugees, immigrants, and indigenous peoples are typically constructed as separate categories within nation-states, and thus may be studied in relation to white “natives,” but rarely in relation to one another. Immigrants, indigenous people and refugees are conventionally imagined as communities with little in common. This collaborative research project thus tackles a new question: how do these communities intersect, and how do the fields of study focused on these communities intersect?
For CRG's Native/Immigrant/Refugee: Crossings Research Initiative (NIRCRI), we chose a virgule to connect and divide the key terms and emphasize the ways in which each term is entangled with the others and operating in a state of flux, disrupting or securing the lives of millions.
By bringing these terms together, we are able to ask questions such as: How have indigenous peoples simultaneously offered critiques of settler colonialism and demanded justice for immigrants? How has nationalist “nativism” displaced the claims of indigenous peoples? How does climate change produce “refugees” who never leave their home countries? How do current policies aimed at immigrants, such as child removal, echo policies focused on Indigenous peoples in the past? These questions and many more come to the forefront when we think through these terms in relation to each other, and across time and space.
About NIRCRI
Who is a “native,” who is an “immigrant,” and who is a “refugee”? These categories that are presumed to be fixed are in fact contingent; this contingency is made visible when pressure forces one group to slip from one category to another. Take the asylum seeker who can either successfully gain recognition as a refugee or become an irregular migrant. This slippage can happen narratively, even while it does not happen legally. We could look to Puerto Rico, which as an unincorporated territory of the United States, exemplifies the geographic, legal, and narrative incorporation of populations who are selectively included or excluded, marginal populations whose status is not secure.
Location in some geographic spaces renders some populations particularly vulnerable. The pressures of climate change link Puerto Ricans with Sami in the Arctic Circle. That land and water can render one a refugee or force one to migrate suggests a revisioning of the refugee as a figure produced through political persecution or war; likewise, it challenges us to expand our framing of forces such as climate change to consider its relation to colonization, and geopolitics.
Our key questions ask how the legal and cultural construction of these three groups–the native, the immigrant, and the refugee–are not isolated discourses but are deeply entangled in the regulation of the other. How has immigration law understood refugees as an exception? How has immigration law understood native peoples? How have native nations policed borders, membership, and territorial presence of non-members? And how do cultural forms and practices, from literary works to indigenous drum circles at the airport welcoming refugees in the face of Trump’s ban on Muslim immigrants, reflect distinct epistemologies, experiences, and political claims that confound or confirm these legal understandings?
This research initiative has been generously funded by the Othering & Belonging Institute, Critical Refugee Studies, the Peder Sather Foundation, Social Science Matrix, the Institute of International Studies, the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research at UC Berkeley, and the University of California Humanities Research Institute.
People of NIRCRI
Past NIRCRI Scholars
(Bios reflect scholars’ status at the time of their appointment at the Center for Race and Gender.)
NIRCRI Events
Funders & Awards
CURRENT AND PAST FUNDERS
- Critical Refugee Studies Collective
- Institute of International Studies
- Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research
- Othering & Belonging Institute(formerly Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society)
- Peder Sather Foundation
- Social Science Matrix
- UC Humanities Research Institute
AWARDS
2020 Peder Sather Grant Program Awards
Native/Immigrant/Refugee: Immobility and Movement Across Contested Grounds (2nd Phase)
Norway: Christine M. Jacobsen, University of Bergen (UiB)
UC Berkeley: Leti Volpp
NIRCRI was awarded a second grant for continued collaborative research between Berkeley and Christine Jacobsen, Director of the Centre for Women’s and Gender Research (SKOK) and her research team at the University of Bergen, Norway.
2019 Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research ORU Seed Fund Grant
The “Native/Immigrant/Refugee: Crossings Research Initiative (NIRCRI)” received a $50,000 multi-year grant from the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research through aORU Seed Fund competition.
2019 UCHRI Conference Grant
NIRCRI was awarded a UCHRI Conference Grant to provide funding for the “Native/Immigrant/Refugee: Movements Across Contested Grounds,”symposium that was scheduled for spring 2020.
2018 Institute of International Studies Faculty Grant
A grant from the Interdisciplinary Faculty Program of the Institute of International Studies supported the research initiative’s ongoing faculty conversations, and will also assist in bringing distinguished visitors to campus who will speak to the theme of how these three communities and concepts converge, displace, and shape each other.
2018 Peder Sather Grant Program Awards
Native/Immigrant/Refugee: Crossings and Divides (1st Phase)
Norway: Christine M. Jacobsen, University of Bergen (UiB)
UC Berkeley: Leti Volpp
A grant from the Peder Sather Center enabled collaborative research between Berkeley and Christine Jacobsen, Director of the Centre for Women’s and Gender Research (SKOK) and her research team at the University of Bergen, Norway.
2018 Social Science Matrix Research Team Grant
NIRCRI was funded as a Social Science Matrix Prospecting Team titled “Native/Immigrant/Refugee: Crossings and Divides.” The funds will enable the Prospecting Team to examine how these communities and concepts converge, displace, and shape each other.
2018 Critical Refugee Studies Collective Faculty Grant
Project:The Native, the Immigrant, the Refugee: Confluences and Divides
Beth Piatote & Leti Volpp
The Critical Refugee Studies Collective provided additional seed funding for the Native/Immigrant/Refugee: Crossings Research Initiative.
2018 Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society
A grant from the Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society (HIFIS) provided seed funding through the HIFIS Faculty Cluster Research Grant for the Native/Immigrant/Refugee: Crossings Research Initiative.